(Annual rents or losses due to carbon pricing, million Euros, average price EUR12/tCO2)
Source: Adapted from Keppler and Cruciani (2010) [4].

Technology Production (TWh) Rents or additional costs due to EU ETS Difference between grandfathering and auctioning
Allocation Grandfathering Auctioning
Nuclear 998 5465 5465 0
Coal 1001 6520 -2573 -9093
Gas 664 3569 701 – 2868